Magazine-firearm.



C. J. JOLIDON. MAGAZINE FIRBARM.

APPLICATION FILED Ammin 1910.

1,966,201?, Patented July 1, 1913.

UNITED STAWENT oFFIoE;

CHARLES J. JOLIDON, 0F HARTFORD, CONNECTICT.

nAGAzINE-rnnsnx.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application med April 29, 1910. serii Noissssc'.

To all whom, 'if 'muy concern L' Be it known that l, CHARLES J. JOLIDON5v a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Hartford, in thc county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have mvented a new and Improved Blagazine-Firearm, of.

which the following is a specification..

My invention relates more especially to that class of lirearins in which the action isautomatic, that is, self-acting to successively supply cartridges to the barrel, set 4the hainmer and eject the shells after discharge, and the object ot' my invention, aside from the special objects, is generally to provide. a

device ot'ihis class having numerous novel features oi advantage and utility. i p

One form of device embodying the invention and in the use of 'which the objects sought may be attained is illustrated in theA accompanying drawings. in which Figure l is a view in side elevation of a lirea-rm embodying my invention, withparts broken away to show construction, the parts heing in their normal relative position with the. exception o^t` the hammer, which is shown as thrown baclf.`ready for discharge. Fig.

2 is a like view but'showing the relative po-l sition of the parts`-nmnedlately after uischarge. Fig. 3 is a view in cross-section on plano denoteil'by dotted line 3--3 of Fig. 1.'

. Fig. 4 is a detail view showing the n lanner .of mounting the repeatingr cheek.

` is a detail view in section through the front lock.

end of the breech-holt. Fig. tiV a detail -view showing the manner ol?" n'lolu'itivng the safety lock. Fig. 7 is a detall 4View showing the (amstruction and operation ot the safety rlhe frame ol my improved lirearnr may he, constructed ol" any suitahle material-and generally ol `any desired forni, vincluding a grip porti-oni and a breech portion 8. The grip portion includes sitleparts 9 between `which is l'ormeil in the. usual manner a 'mag aline chamber. the latter being clos-eil at the rear by a 'hack-piece -lU containing a sub-' `st'antial portion ot the firing mechanism. llllelueech S'lms a barrel opening ll. and

an opening l tor av/ ln-eech-bolt. VVA cover 13 is suitably, attached tothe trame. closing the opening .toi-ming the liieech-holt chamber lst therein.

AIt is ot' atlvantagcfin devicesl of this Class thatthe barrel may be'readilyremoved or Fig.

'common form and construction, including Patente-d July 1,1913. i i

inserted in its place, and that it shall be 'securely retained therein. I have embodied in' my improved firearm means for accomplishing these results. Inv carrying out this idea.

the barrel opening l1 is formed on'one side with ribs and grooves 15, 16 andthe barrel 17 'has a.' 'raised segment-18 consistin of Vribs forming grooves betweenthem, w ich ribs and groovesmesh'with the grooves Eind ribs in the harrel opening when the fbarrel 1 s turned to its proper positionin the frame,

these ribs and grooves extending circumf, ferentially vot' the. barrel as shown-in Figs.

l andv 3 of the drawings, movablysecure the barrelthepenin has a recess. 19. on one side of fs, widt to receive the ribs and grooves on the-barrel,

In Order to re- 5 and the latter' has a stop 20, located to. err-.jV

gage a stop shoulder 21'on the frame tio limit the rotating movement ofthe barrel as it is being placed in position andtodetermine the proper the barrel. is turne 'to its proper position osltron thereof. When the ribs thereonyvll have vpassed out of the e l recess 19 and have-their ends located in line with the endsof t e ribs 15 -formin one side ofthe recess 19. A key 22 nice y 'tits the recess 19 to prevent rota.-

referably 8() tionofthe barrel from its proper position,

and' in order to retain-the key I provide Ait wlth s spring linger 23 having `its e'nd shoul! dered. as at 24 to engage notches 25, which construction yieldingly holds the key in place, its outer end hav-ing aIshouldei-' which may bereached through a nail groove 27 formed by cutting away a part ofthe "frame, as shown in FignfQ of the drawings.

The breechholt 28 may. generally be of;`

breech-bolt frame 2S) mounted' to slide-,ill

pin 253 is frictioniillyheld in its trpeiiilig",v

,which 'is constituted" in fact by a groove 35gon the inner face of the cap and registering grooves 36 in the end of the breech-bolt. As a means for frictionally holding the pin the tip 32 is recessed at its outer end as at 37, notches 38 in the pin 33 receiving the edges of the recess 37, thus preventing longitudinal movement of the pin. The tip is A.pressed against the pin so that the notches and edges of the tip will be constantly held in engagement by the breech-bolt retract- .ing spring 31, the force of which, however is not great enough to prevent removal o the pin by the exertion of a little force.

It is necessary in automatic arms of this .class that the opening movement of the breech-bolt shall be retarded long enoughA i retarding mechanism, which insures that the bullet has left the barrel before the opening of the breech is suflicient to allow gases to escape rearward.

A retarding sleeve 39 is placed upon the tubular projection 30 from the breech-bolt; a retarding spring 40 being located within the sleeve and between it and said tubular projection. A retarding sleeve trip 41 in the form of a lever is pivotally mounted on the frame and has a projection forming a cam release 42 extending through an opening 43 in the frameinto the path of movement of a cam lug 44 on the breech-bolt. This trip 41-has its end formed to encounter the end of the sleeve 39, in the preferred form of construction and as shown herein a notch 45 being provided in the end of the tri iii the operation of-this art of the device, as a cartridge is exploded the ressure of the ases in the barrel tends t rough the cartridge shell to move the breech-bolt reaiward, but the tension ofthe Spring 31 reinforced by that of the\'springl 40,"both springs exerting their .-force against'the cap 34 fixed upon the breech-bo t, yieldingly retards this openin movement' until the cam lug 44, engages t e cam-release 42, push-/ in the trip v41l downward andreleasing its en from engagement-with the sleeve 39. The breech-boltbeing now supported onlybythe tension of the retracting spring-31, ields more readily to the force of thegases in the breech-chamber,'such force being ex-. erted against the breech-bolt during the brief interval until the projectile 4passes from-the muzzle of the barrel and thereby relieves the pressure therein.4 The breechbolt under its momentum continues to move rearward until it has fully opened the 40, `and if this function of retarding the rearward movement' of the breech-bolt was confine.. to the one spring which retracts the breech-bolt, as in firearms constructed prior yto my invention, the force of this spring would require to be overcome at each manual movement of the breech-bolt rearward. By employing the mechanism hereinabove described I am enabled to reduce the power 'required in the manual operation of the breech-bolt by employing the retarding spring to retard the rearward-movement of the breech-bolt only, and -I am thus enabled not only to use a retracting spring of just suflicient power to retract the breech-bolt, but to also remove the action of the retarding spring upon the breech-bolt atthe time of such manual operation, this being accomplished by means of the finger piece on'the sleeve trip or latch 4l, by means of which the trip is moved from engagement with the retarding sleeve and this prevents the force of the retardingspring from acting upon the breech-bolt. In the preferred form of .construction and as shown herein this finger piece projectsfinto the trigger guard 'and is located infront of the trigger, so that the trig er finger of the hand holding the grip of t e pistol may be applied against the finger piece to operate it, and a comparatively light rearward pressure against the cap on the forward end ofthe breech-bolt extension at this time will be sufficient to .move the breech-bolt rearward and open the breech. A spring, clearly shown in Fig. 1 of theldrawings, tends to return the trip or latch to' its operative position when the finger forwar' movement ofthe breech-bolt to the firing position rthe ener stored in the retractin spring during t e rearward movement o the breech-bolt is sufficient` to carry the breech-bolt andthe retarding spring and sleeve to their forward positions in which the are at once locked by the'locking trip or atch.

-It is of importance in firearms of this character that means be providedt prevent inadvertent dischargef-;,n as by involuntary pull upon the trigger, unless the breech is iece is released, and on the returnr fully closed .and the breech-bolt in the forward tiring position. I

In order to positively prevent tiring at all times except when the breech is closed, I employ a safety check 46l pivotally attached in the frame ts-at 47. 'This cheek 46'Iha/s a nose 48 arranged to lie within a recess 49 of the breech-bolt Awhen the sanie is in the forward position. This check 46 has a lug 50 located over a projection 51 of the trigger and preventing upward movement of the back partv ofthe trigger 52. This part of thetrigger is preferably in the shape of a stirrup, the projection 51 rising from one or both sides of this rear part', and the magazine 63, of usual forni and construction, passing up through the opening between the side parts of the trigger. The trigger has a release shoulder 53 arranged 'to engage the tail 54 of the sear 55 to release it fi'oin the 'usual notch in the hammer 5G. rlllhen the the breech isaclosed and the tire arm'is in proper condition for discharge. Astthe.I

trigger is moved rearward, the shouldef 53v can engage the "tail of the Sear and move the Sear to release `the hammer, allowing t-lie latter to be forced forward in the usual manner to strike uponv the tiring pin. Upon the .discharge of the cartridge the force of the explosion causes the breech-bolt to be thrown rearward, whereupon the nose 48 of the safety check 46 is forced downward from the recess 49 of the breech-bolt. U

carrying the release lug 50 ldownward against the projection 51 on the trigger, the4 rear end of the latter also bei-ng moved downward.- It will be noted by referring to' Fig.- 2 that if the triggeris now pulled rearward the shoulder 53 will not engage tlietail vof the sear and therefore the seaiI will not be moved and no vfurthershots can be fired immediately following the first one from involuntary pressure on the trigger, or from failure to release the trigger', luntil the breech-bolt has again reached its forward posit-ion andthe safety Acheck has been, j nioved upward.

- :In order to rovide against. the accidental discharge,'as rom a shock or jar releasing the -sear from engagement with the haininer, I provide a lock that-holds the sear from disengagement with the hammer. ln this embodiment yofv my invention andv as shown herein thisl lock consists of a slide Aas 5 8 with its end 5 9 normally resting back of thesear-tail 54, thus preventing i'novement y of the 'sear to disengageit from the hammer 56. vA lock release 60 is pivotally attached tov the frame and has 'a'lug 61 engaging' an openingin 'the slide, as' plainly show n in Fig. 1.- The upper end'of the'lock release `byya spring G2, the pivot upon which the end of the release G0 toward the slide, by th e operation of the trigger, the slide will be moved downward and the end 59 removed from behind the Sear-tail. This operation will be readily understoodifrom a glance at Figs. l and 2, and it will be noted that the spring 62.1ests with one end against the frame, passing through a slot in the slide, which slot is of a length sufficient to permit the required movement of the slide without interfering with the spring.

I do not limit my invention and the scope of the following claims to the accompanying illustration and foregoing description of a device embodying the invention in its pi'eferrrd forni, as these may be departed from to a .greater or less extent without avoiding the invent-ion.

The construct-ion of the safety lock constitutes a feat-ure of my, invention. This consists of a pin rotatably mounted in the frame, the end of .the pin being split as at 71 to form a spring binding feat-ure to hold the pin in place. This pin is cut away on one side forming a recess 72 through which the trigger mayl pass in one position ot' the pin. The pin is provided at one end with sie -a knob 73 by means of which it is operated. 95

The pin opening 74 through the traine is enlarged-as at T'foi-niing a shoulder 76 against which the stop TT on the pinl strikesr jto limit the rotary movement (if the' pin.

It will be noted that when the parts are in the-'position shown in Figs. l and 2 the ,trigger'may lpass through the recess 79., but

when the parts are'in the position shown in Fig. 4 lthe ingerpipce of the trigger will pass undert-he edge 7S formed by the recess 105 and exert a wcdging action,` so that the'pin will not be turned backward and the trigger will be held against movement.

I claim.-

l. A viii-carni vincluding a frame, firing 110 'meehanisn'n meansito receive a projectile for discharge,' a 'breeclnbolt arranged to i be moved in one direction by the vforces oli-explosion, means exerting torre in the. oppo- 'site direction to retard its movement.' a 115.

in'ciniicr arranged to receive thetln'ust of .said retarding means, holding means for said thrust receiving nicmlieixnnd connections between the breeclnholt and holding means to move.. the latter to disengage it from the thrust receiving means. l i 2. firearm-including a traine, tiring mechanism, ineans tol receivea projectile for discharge, a breech-boil adapted to' be y movedbzuzkwardby the forces ot explosion, a spri'ngeverting force upon the bri-echbolt in the opposite direction, thrust receiv- `ing 'means for said spring, a holder to en is normally pressedpaway from `the slide as l' gage said thrust receiving means and teml porarily rctaivn it against movement, and

connections between the breech-bolt andv holder to move the latter from engagement with the thrust receiving means. i

3. A firearm including a trame, firing mechanism, means to receive a projectile for discharge, a breech-bolt adapted to be moved haekward hv thev forces of explosion, a spring exerting force, upon the lbreech-bolt in the opposite Idireelion, a sleeve enirireling a portion Iof thc breechbolt to reeeive the. thrust of said spring. a holder tti-temporarily retard the movement of said sleeve. and connections between the brecelrbolt and holder to release the latter from engagement withsaidslecve in the movement oi' the breeeh-lmlt.

4. lirearm ineludiug :i trame. tiring mechanism` means to reeeive a projectile for discharge.. a breech -bolt adapted to be moved haekward b v the lierees of explosion, a spring exerting l'oree upon the lneech-bolt in the opposite ilireetiou. a thrust receiving member :for said spring arranged to he moved haekward into the breech-bolt opening, a holder to temporarily retard the movement oisaid thrust receiving member, and connections between the hreeelrbolt and holder to release the latter from said thrust receiving ineans in a movement, ot' the h|eeclibolt. v

5. A firearm neluding a frame, tiring mechanism, means to receive a projectile for discharge,I a breeeh -bolt adapted to be moved backward h v the forces of explosion, a spring exerting force upon the breech-bolt in the opposite. direction, a sleeve surrounding said breech-bolt and inclosing said spring and ot' a size to enter the breech-bolt opening in the :l'rame,a holder to tempofrarily retard they movement of said sleeve,

and connect-ions between the breech-bolt and holder to release the lat-ter from engagement with said sleeve in a movement of the breech-bolt.

6. A tire-arm including a frame, firing mechanism, means toreccive a projectile fon' discharge, a breeehbolt adapted to be moved backward by the forces of explosion,4

means exerting force, upon the breech-bolt m the opposite direction, means to receive the thrust of said force, a lever pivotally mounted in tht` frame' and arranged to temporarily hold said thrust receiving means from movement. and means upon the breechf bolt to engagev said lever and move it to,re lease it from engagement with said thrust receiving means.

7. A irearm including a frame, firing mechanisim means to receive a projectile for discharge, a` breech -bolt adapted to be moved backward by the forces of explosion, means for forcing the breech-bolt in the opposite direction, means to receive the thrust of said force, a trip lever engaging said thrust receiving means to temporarily reof the breech-bolt,

tard Yits movement, and a cam 'lugl on' the breech-bolt adapted to engage said ever, in a movement of the breech-bolt, and move it todisengagc it from said thrust receiving means.

S. A firearm including a frame, firing mechanism, means to receive a projectile for Hdischarge. a breech-bolt adapted to be moved backward by the forces of explosion and having a part projecting om the frame, a spring surrounding part and exerting force upon the breechbolt in opposition to the ,forces of explosion, a sleeve surrounding said projection and spring and of a size to'enter the, opening in` the frame, a trip lover arranged' to engageA said sleeve, and a cam projection on the. breech-boltadapted to engage. the lever and move it to free it from engagement-with said sleeve in a backward movement of the breech-bolt.

said pro] ecting I t). A member movably mounted, a spring exerting force upon sald member to move it in one direction, a cap arranged to be engaged with and disengaged from said mem ber by a. rotary movement and adapted to receive the thrust of the spring, a pin to hold the cap against turning movement, and means held in engagement with said pin by the thrust of said spring to prevent longitudinal movement of the pin.

10. A member movably mounted, a spring located within said member and adapted `to Vexert its. thrust thereon, a cap screw-threaded upon the end of the member to receive the thrust of said spring, a pin extending.;` through the cap and member -to prevent movement of said cap, and means adapted to engige the pin and held in engagement therewith by the force of saidvspring to prevent longitudinal movement of the pin.

11. A firearm including n, frame, tiring mechani im, means' to receive a projectile for discharge, a breec -bolt adapted to be moved backward under the'forces of explosion, n spring to move the breech-bolt to its forward position, a cap closing the end of the breech-bolt and adapted to receive the thrust of said spring, .grooves in the cap and breech-bolt forming an opening to receive a pin, a pin passing through said opening to prevent movement of the cap, and means to engage said pin and held in engagement therewith by the pressure of said spring to prevent longitudinal movement of the pin.

12. A firearm including a frame, firing mechanism, means to receive a project-ile for discharge, a breech-bolt adapted to be moved backward by the forces of explosion, a spring to temporarily retard the movement means for releasing the force' of said spring therefrom, a spring to move-the breceh-bolt to its forward position, a screw-threaded cap located upon the end of the breech-bolt to receive the vforce of '30 rbackward by the forces of explosion, a

' and,` thus remove the force exerted by the` both` 'of said-. springs, a pin projecting through the 4breech-bolt and cap to prevent rotation ofthe latter, and means to prevent lengthwise movement of the pin, said means ,5', beingyforced against the pin by the pressure of the springthat returns the breech-bolt.

to its .forwardy position. 13. A- ember, movably'mounted, a spring j located within said member to force it in one 10 direction, a cap screw-threaded on the end of said member to receive the force of saidl spring, a grooved pin engaging said cap and member to prevent rotation of vthe cap, and rfiiieans forced, by saidfspring to yieldingly engage. the groove in the pin to prevent accidental lengthwise movement thereof.-

14..A firearm including a frame, firing mechanism,meansto receive a projectile for `,discharge, ,a breech-bolt arranged to be movedinrone direction by the forces of ex- 1os'i'on,` a spring'exerting force. upon the re'eh-bolt in the opposite direction, thrust Yreceivin vmeans for said spring, and means arrange for manual operation to 'permit movement 'of .said thrust receivingr means vspring uponthe breech-bolt.

15. A firearm including a frame, 1 firing mechanism, means to receive aA projectile for discharge, a breech-bolt adapted to be moved u '.springlexertjng force upon the breech-bolt in the opposite direction, a sleeve encircling a portion of the breech-bolt to'receive the thrust of said spring, a holder to temporarily'reta-rd the movement of said sleeve, and means arranged for manual operation to release said holder from engagement with said-sleeve. e *16. 'A firearm includingr a frame, firing mecha nism,'mean's to receive a projectile for i x 'i1-"discharge, a breech-bolt adapted to be moved vbackward by the forces of explosion, a 'spring exerting force upon the breechebolt 45 in the' oppositedirection, a sleeve encircling aportion' of thebreech-bolt to receive the i thrust of said 'spring,'a. holder to temporarily retardv the inovement of saidslecve,

' -and meansarranged for manual 'operation .50. an'd. for autoLniatic 'action to releasesaid.

',holder`- from engagement with said sleeve.

' Affirearm includingY a, frame, firing lmechani'sm, means to receive a projectile for discharge, a breech-bolt adapted to be moved :backward by the forces of explosion, a 1 spri exerting force upon the breech-bolt ili' t opposite direction,y a thrust receiving member for said lspri'ngarranged to be movi'i'd backward in the breech-bolt opening,

00 a holder to temporarily retard the movement of said thrust receiving member, and means arranged for manual operation to release 'said holder -frein` said thrust receiving means. V

'65 18. A rearm including a frame, tiring mechanism, means toreceive a projectile for discharge, a breech-bolt adapted to be moved backward by the forces of explosion, a spring exerting force upon the breech-bolt in the opposite direction, a sleeve surrounding said breech-bolt and inclosing said spring and of a sizeto enter the brt'ech-'hclt opening in .the frame, a holder to temporarily retard themovement o f said sleeve, and means arranged for manual operation to release said holder from engagement with said sleeve. i i

19. A firearm .including afraine, firing v mechanism,`me ans to receive a projectile for discharge, a breech-bolt adapted to be moved backward by the forces of explosion, means exerting force upon the breech-'bolt in the opposite direction, means to receive the thrust of said latter force, a lever pivotally mounted in the frame to temporarily ,hold said thrust receiving means from movement, said lever being arranged for manual operation to release it from engagement with said thrust receiving means.

20. A firearm including a frame liavinga barrel opening and a recess therefrom to receive a projection from the barrel, the frame also having a groove to receive said projection in a rotating movement of the barrel, a barrel having a projection to engage said groove, and a key located in said recess in 'the frame opposite thc-'1' projection on the 'barrel to prevent rotating movement of said brojections t'rom thc barrel in a rotation of ythe latter, a bari-cl fitting said opening and,

havingprojections to engage said grooves, means :tor limiting the rotative movement of the barrel in one direction, and a key fitting recess and located opposite said'projections to lock the barrel against rotation in the opposite direction.

' 23. A firearm including a frame having a barrel opening with a recess therefrom,l fi, barrel itting saidvopenin'g, locking means upon the barrel and frame engaged by a rotation of the barrel to lock it in plaoe,avkey to hold the barrel against rotating move-gti ment, and yielding means upon the key ftofm,

24. A firearm including a frame having barrel opening with a-locking recess there fom and notches in one edge wall of .said r cess, a barrel fitting said opening,intere l 1 gaging locking means between the barrel and frame engaged by a rotation of the barobstruct movement of the Sear to disengage the hammer, and a lever pivotally mounted in the path of movelnent of thetrigger and in engagement with said Slide and mounted independently thereof.

27. A firearm including a frame and irzo ing mechanism including a hammer, a Sear pivotally 'mounted and a trlgger, a sllde mounted on the' frame and normally located between it andthe Sear, and a lever pivotally mounted on the frame independently of the 25 slide and having a projection in engagement Withsaid slide and its end in the path of movement of 'the trigger, whereby the slide is moved from behind the Sear.

C H ARLES AJ. J OLDON.

lYit-iiesses LENA E. Bennov'ron, ARTHUR B. JENKINS. 

